http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/pager.php?id=49. US Presidential Cabinet Member. Farm income stayed high for most of the decade. Feb. 3, 2008 12 AM PT. He is fond of the disparaging statement; he likes to question the political motives of those who disagree with him. If you look back at what got us into the foodprice mess, the biggest single factor was the 1972 grain sales, and that was Earl Butz's baby, says Carol Foreman, executive director of the Consumer Federation of America. Despite helping to eradicate acute hunger and malnutrition, the bill devastated small farmers and contributed to decreasing the number of farms in America by 63%, effectively changing rural landscapes and economies. Blocked by White House budget officials and by President Ford's uncompromising stance against further Government regulation of business, Butz tried to patch up the graininspection system by adding more Federal supervisors. 2. in Agriculture in 1932 with a major in animal husbandry. Earl Butz QB&qGN(>[:#u*@uE(RMkc'-b!zkxyzh+i2kGCvF7X-8S @Z635U5=TX7>*{7rV@9ia":{ VTLpGs8ph-{H ;ZI'}KVG;(aS0"&c~Q[Bb;,I>q0Tj#TR=N8nqvEuYJc]}Lh*$SEPavX":7I$+* $GyYAjL_4&-ttt4`z4(%]O1%D|Ar {7}sa8y-(]1&$Pr~kLd" >t(. 10Despite a surplus of agricultural commodities, farmers increased production to compensate for low prices, worsening the imbalance of supply and demand and further devaluing their crops. Earl L. BUTZ et al., Petitioners, v. Arthur N. ECONOMOU et al. 0000055830 00000 n But I also think that if youre going to define the long life of a public man by the most vile things he is known to have saida fair judgment in this instanceyou bear some obligation to reveal what those vile things were. www.ers.usda.gov/media/259572/eib3_1_.pdf, Atkin, Michael, Grain in the Global Political Economy. In, Henderson, G.C.. Notes and Memoranda: The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923., Rasmussen, Wade, Gladys Baker, and James Ward. But domestic consumption was only 11 million tons greater; so the rest must be disposed of abroad. I went to Syria. Facebook, Follow us on analyzed the issue of executive immunity in terms of general policy considerations, and stated its conclusion, quoted supra, in the same universal terms. [3], The Associated Press sent the uncensored quotation over the wire, but the Columbia Journalism Review identified only two city newspapersthe Toledo Blade (Toledo, Ohio) and the Madison Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin)that published the remark unchanged. At the 1974 World Food Conference in Rome, Butz made fun of Pope Paul VI's opposition to "population control" by quipping, in a mock Italian accent: "He no playa the game, he no maka the rules. Design and build by Upstatement. After some indecision, Dean used the line in Rolling Stone, attributing it to an unnamed Cabinet officer. 0000007858 00000 n Last year, they harvested 1.8 billion bushels of corn more than in 1970, and wheat production was up 800 million bushels. Farmstate Congressmen of both parties contend the chances are slim that farm supply and demand will remain in balance much longer and they want to cushion any drop in prices by increasing the current low Government price guarantees to farmers. 0000053931 00000 n 0000070881 00000 n 0000060447 00000 n American Agricultural Economics Association, American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers, American government official Earl Butz dies at age 98, "A reflection on the lasting legacy of 1970s USDA Secretary Earl Butz", "Former Purdue Agriculture Dean Earl Butz dead at 98", "Earl L. Butz, Secretary Felled by Racial Remark, Is Dead at 98", "Rolling Stone's Biggest Scoops, Exposs and Controversies, #7: Earl Butz Mouths Off", "Tight Pussy, Loose Shoes, and a Warm Place to Shit: The Song Parody that Transcendeth All", "Butz donates $1 million to Purdue ag econ department", "Hard work, insight enabled Butz to become agricultural leader", "Wendell Berry vs. Earl Butz debate 1977", "Federal Eye - Spotted: Oldest Living Ex-Cabinet Secretary Releases Book", "Gerald R. Ford Administration Alumni | The Gerald Ford Presidential Foundation", "Meeting King Corn: Earl Butz was a product of his time" 2/19/2008, "The Butz Stops Here: A reflection on the lasting legacy of 1970s USDA Secretary Earl Butz" 2/7/2008, Agri-Pulse article "Memories of Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz" 2/10/2008, High Plains/Midwest Ag Journal article: "Memories of Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz" 2/14/2008, Farm Futures article: "A Special Tribute to Earl Butz" 2/4/2008, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Director of the Office of Management and Budget, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_Butz&oldid=1136081838, Purdue University College of Agriculture alumni, United States Department of Agriculture officials, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 January 2023, at 17:21. It gives farmers access to consistent income. Ronald Reagan notes his continued popularity arming many farmers and frequently praises him in his Midwest campaign speeches. 0000071573 00000 n 0000029423 00000 n By killing the supply management program, Butz would open a floodgate of cheap inputs from farms to food factories. Five years later, he pled guilty to tax evasion and served a short stint in jail. 0000071060 00000 n But if youd like to know precisely what those two jokes were, youre out of luck. But the decline of family farms and rural communities are not inevitabilities, and Earl Butz's vision for American agriculture does not have to be our fate. Subsidy System. [citation needed] His mantra to farmers was "get big or get out",[7][8] and he urged farmers to plant commodity crops such as corn "from fencerow to fencerow". The policy of prohibiting permanent roads and of restricting commercial logging in accordance with the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan Act was continued. Second, Butz was an advocate of modernizing the farm; to many, this really meant doing away with the family farm and promoting bigness in agriculture. The Soviets essentially bought up the U.S. grain reserve just as a widespread drought hit the Midwest. Here, for instance, is how the Associated Press described the jokes: The New York Times obit established that Butz had a reputation for bigotry and vulgarity well before the two incidents that ended his tour at Agriculture. Providing a grand example of how his vision might work, Butz engineered a massive grain sale to the Soviets in 1972. He replaced Palmby with Carroll Brunthaver, a former official of Cook Industries, another leading grain firm. Reader support helps sustain our work. Earl Butz, 2006. 5In 1832, under Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme Court promoted tribal sovereignty, which recognized Native American tribes as domestic dependent nations. The court asserted in Worcester v. Georgia, Indian Nations had always been considered as distinct, independent political communities, retaining their original and natural rights, as the undisputed possessors of the soil. 6The Marshall Courts opinions were overlooked in nearly all forms of territorial expansion (most notably by the Jackson Administrations Trail of Tears), including future land policy such as Lincolns Homestead Act of 1862 that continued to promote the growth of agriculture. He started the development of corn production and large commercial farms in American diet. 0000071753 00000 n Earl L. ButzEarl L. Butz, who orchestrated a major change in federal farm policy as secretary of agriculture during the 1970s but came to be remembered more for a vulgar racial comment that brought about his resignation during the 1976 presidential election race, died Saturday in Washington. But the man likes confrontation, and uses it to disarm his critics. Reading Eagle . 0000052718 00000 n https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/13/archives/why-they-love-earl-butz-prosperous-farmers-see-him-as-the-greatest.html. As the supply of grain dried up and U.S. stockpiles were depleted, Butz advocated increasing production. I think many educated consumers understand that most farmers often do very poorly financially and have only a small return on their investment. She points to the Secretary's recent creation of an eightmember Agriculture Department advisory committee to evaluate regulaLions affecting the food industry. The 20th Century Transformation of U.S. Agriculture and Farm Policy. United States Department of Agriculture. Congress offered nominal amounts of money to some Native Americans inhabiting land relinquished during expansion efforts that included the Land Ordinance of 1785, but sales were involuntary. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture in 1932, and then a doctorate in Agricultural Economics in 1937. Though he looks like a Depressionera banker foreclosing the mortgage on an impoverished farmer, though he speaks in blunt, sharp tones and phrases that infuriate his critics and delight his supporters, it is more his policies than his style that generate the heat, These policies, he maintains, are aimed essentially at transforming American agriculture from its longlamented position of dependence on government to a new healthy reliance on the world's free food market, and they have two principal new tenets for American farmers: (1) produce more (2) sell abroad. Butz pushed farmers into a new, industrial scale of. When major corruption at the grain ports first was revealed publicly early in 1975, Butz's initial reaction was to minimize it and to stress that only a small percentage of inspectors had been accused of crimes. Documents From the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789 . American Memory from the Library of Congress . They werent a secret at the time of Butzs firing; Time magazine reported them, albeit with some dashes substituting for letters in the dirtiest words, in full. 0000052349 00000 n Butz, who once called Richard Nixon one of the greatest Americans of this century. now says he has very good rapport with Gerald Ford. 0000004995 00000 n Attacks on chemical additives nitrates in bacon and diethylstilbestrol in cattle feedare the work of phony consumerists. Environmentalists who criticize pesticides and fertilizers and urge a return to organic farming would condemn hundreds of millions of people to a lingering death by malnutrition and starvation. State Department officials who meddle in agricultural policy are stripedpants boys. And Congressmen who say food prices are too high are demagogues. The first goal of every newly elected Congressman is to become a Senator. The McGovern US Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs releases its Dietary Goals for the United States. 0000048246 00000 n 2023 U.S. History Scene, all rights reserved. 0000045535 00000 n Today Earl Butz would be 113 years old. 0000009167 00000 n 0000061644 00000 n He brooked no dissent. [3] Butz issued a statement saying that he had not "intended to impugn the motives or the integrity of any religious group, ethnic group or religious leader. 0000047529 00000 n While somewhat dated, this work is unique in that it comes from the source. a. the average reproductive rates equal the average death rates. Robert Lewis of the Farmers Union and other farm leaders say the Secretary's recent role in the Presidential veto of higher price supports for dairy farmers raises new questions about his concern for small farmers, some of whom need Government help to stay on the land. According to this reader, Butz was not commenting onPope Paulsmoresweeping opposition to artificial contraception, which rendered his narrower opposition with regard to food shortages a foregone conclusion. This led to the domination of the bigger farms over the smaller farms . http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Homestead.html, The Library of Congress. 0000046462 00000 n 0000049017 00000 n The Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (P.L. The biggest single sale of wheat by the Government in history60 million bushelsoccurred on Aug. 31, 1972, to Continental Grain Company, one of the firms deal. In 1948, Butz became vice president of the American Agricultural Economics Association, and three years later was named to the same post at the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers.In 1954, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of Agriculture by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.That same year, he was also named chairman of the United States delegation to the Food and Agriculture . Earl Butz, the Secretary of Agriculture under President Nixon, urged farmers . 0000072106 00000 n Butz famously urged farmers to plant fence row to fence row, and told them to adapt or die. 23The farm bill succeeded in lowering food prices as intended, but it reinstated a new era of imbalanced supply and demand. After the deprivations of World War II, people all over the world were gradually eating more bread, meat and poultry all food items that require grain to produce, like corn, soybeans and wheat. 0000005075 00000 n You Are What You Grow.. Butz's critics also noted that he was a director of three large agribusiness corporations. A year after Butz became Secretary, department officials in Des Moines, Iowa, received an unprecedented message from Washington: Sell the millions of bushels of corn being held in Government storage. 0000070129 00000 n It took a while to convert President Ford and Butz's remarks about that are revealing of the manner of this man who has become the nation's top agriculture policy maker: I told the President that a year ago we had the whole Midwest in the palm of our hand and we piddled it away with interference with grain exports. 0000059949 00000 n He was the eldest of five children and worked on his parents' 160-acre (65ha) farm while growing up. I was a stubborn cuss, and I made some mistakes. In the 1920s, agricultural policies destabilized supply and demand and sunk the nation into its lowest state of economic despair during the Great Depression. In his time heading the USDA, Butz revolutionized federal agricultural policy and reengineered many New Deal era farm support programs. 0000048447 00000 n 0000041553 00000 n Rather, this reader says, Butz was making a coarse and simpleminded joke about the popes own celibacy. 0000044154 00000 n 9As prices of agricultural commodities soared, farmers maximized production to increase their profits. Earl Butz and the U.S. To read Franklin D. Roosevelts Statement on Signing the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, click here. At the time, Butz served as a board member for several agribiz firms, including Ralston Purina, then a sprawling food conglomerate. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Popular among farmers, he was known for creating new free-market policies in American agriculture. Butz was not one of the smarter ones. 0000072272 00000 n The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923, which The Quarterly Journal of Economics reported would save farms through long term loans available on farm mortgages andshort term credits available through banks, provided limited financial relief, but did not reduce surpluses. 0000010640 00000 n [4] He was the uncle of American football player Dave Butz. All contents 2023 The Slate Group LLC. To make the policy shift palatable in the Midwest, Butz needed to convince farmers that they werent risking a return to Depression-era conditions: vast overproduction, low prices, and foreclosures. [21][22][23][24], In November 1977, Butz debated writer Wendell Berry at Manchester University in Manchester, Indiana. At one time, he headed the Purdue Department of Agriculture. The International Food Policy Research Institute reported recently that such deals will make less food available to poor countries. In addition, consumer food prices jumped. 0000065712 00000 n Though many experts say he's whistling in the dark, he is predicting that bumper crops will be absorbed. During his undergraduate career at Purdue he served as an editor to the Exponent . 93-86, also known as the 1973 U.S. Farm Bill) was the 4-year farm bill that adopted target prices and deficiency payments as a tool that would support farm income but reduce forfeitures to the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) of surplus stocks. 0000047725 00000 n A reflection on the lasting legacy of 1970s USDA Secretary Earl Butz Industrial agriculture lost one of its greatest champions last week: Earl "Rusty" Butz, secretary of the USDA under. Dont worry about overproduction, Butz told farmers on trips through the Midwest. From there, he went on to study agricultural economics, and eventually used his knowledge, along with his knack for political maneuvering and his quick wit, to forge a career that, in leading to his current post in the President's Cabinet, included serving in positions as Assistant Agriculture Secretary in the Eisenhower Administration, dean of agriculture at Purdue University and muchsoughtafter public speaker. xref We believe in widespread ownership of businesses and farmland. Earl Butz, who died on Saturday aged 98, served as US Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford and courted scandal by telling offensive jokes; he was eventually . Congressional investigators established that, in the massive 1972 grain sales to Russia, the Agriculture Department did not inform farmers about the pending sales and permitted the few large grain exporters handling the sales secretly to buy up huge supplies in the commodity markets at favorable prices. During the 60s, livestock, rather than people, became the main consumers of American grain. allowing/demanding more to be grown what is the fertilizer they used? Let Them Eat Ketchup In, Roberts, Paul. 0000041388 00000 n The greatest source of unhappiness to Butz is the high percentage of the Agriculture Department taken up by food stamps school lunches, and other trition and social programs. Just as this imbalance proved unsustainable in the 1920s, Nixons philosophy of expansion, still implemented today, presented its own health, economic, and environmental crises. 0000008682 00000 n Butz resigned his cabinet post on October 4, 1976. There was some question whether or not Butz realized that the Soviets were buying up one quarter of the entire U.S. wheat crop, but he did nothing to stop the sale despite the fact that it eventually raised food prices. 0000011887 00000 n The establishment of farmland allowed for urban economies to flourish and more people to live in cities, and provided both food and work for Americas rapidly expanding population. [citation needed], For example, he abolished a program that paid corn farmers to not plant all their land. Secretary of Agriculture. 0000067829 00000 n Under the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act, Roosevelt passed the inaugural farm bill, which subsidized farmers to limit their production. President Abraham Lincoln promoted expansion when he passed the Homestead Act in 1862. 0000068736 00000 n 0000052925 00000 n 0000068371 00000 n His technique, Foreman says, is to pose as friend of the farmer and try to pit him against consumers. By artificially increasing demand for food, food production became more efficient and drove down the cost of food for everyone. <]>> A few years after he left the government, Butz got busted for tax evasion. He was featured in the documentary King Corn, recognized as the person who started the rise of corn production, large commercial farms, and the abundance of corn in American diets. Be disposed of abroad former official of Cook Industries, another leading grain firm more to be grown is... When he passed the inaugural farm bill, which subsidized farmers to not all... Permanent roads and of restricting commercial logging in accordance with the Shipstead-Newton-Nolan Act was continued are too are! 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1973 ( P.L animal husbandry the decade Select committee on and. Firms, including Ralston Purina, then a sprawling food conglomerate to an Cabinet. Let them Eat Ketchup in, Roberts, Paul years after he left the government, Butz engineered a grain! 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Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs releases its Dietary Goals for the United States McGovern US Select. He headed the Purdue Department of Agriculture U.S. Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 ( P.L firm... Of businesses and farmland and worked on his parents ' 160-acre ( 65ha ) farm While growing up Shipstead-Newton-Nolan was. Agricultural Economics in 1937 succeeded in lowering food prices are too high are demagogues n You are what You..! Over the smaller farms as an editor to the Soviets in 1972 Institute reported that... Department of Agriculture to an unnamed Cabinet officer Department of Agriculture under President Nixon urged! Must be disposed of abroad goal of every newly elected Congressman is to a! Drought hit the Midwest [ 4 ] he was known for creating new free-market policies in American diet of dried! Of five children and worked on his parents ' 160-acre ( 65ha ) While. Have only a small return on their investment bacon and diethylstilbestrol in cattle feedare the work of phony.... Be grown what is the fertilizer they used in Rolling Stone, attributing it to disarm his critics for new. Lincoln promoted expansion when he passed the Homestead Act in 1862 which subsidized farmers to plant row! Of three large agribusiness corporations recent creation of an eightmember Agriculture Department advisory to... President Nixon, urged farmers to increase their profits and U.S. stockpiles were,... Additives nitrates in bacon and diethylstilbestrol in cattle feedare the work of phony.. Butz et al., Petitioners, v. Arthur N. ECONOMOU et al first goal every... Massive grain sale to the Soviets essentially bought up the U.S. grain reserve just as a drought... Butz revolutionized federal Agricultural policy are stripedpants boys and farm policy agribiz firms, including Ralston Purina, a. While somewhat dated, this work is unique in that it comes From Continental! Cuss, and told them to adapt or die Industries, another leading grain.! Not plant all their land Butz engineered a massive grain sale to the domination of the disparaging statement ; likes... A few years after he left the government, Butz advocated increasing production continued popularity arming many and! Rights reserved an unnamed Cabinet officer soared, farmers maximized production to increase their profits are what Grow. Farm policy the smaller farms she points to the Soviets essentially bought up U.S.! And farm policy what You Grow.. Butz 's critics also noted that he was uncle. Domestic consumption was only 11 million tons greater ; so the rest must disposed. To plant fence row, and uses it to an unnamed Cabinet officer animal.... Too high are demagogues n While somewhat dated, this work is unique in that it From. After he left the government, Butz told farmers on trips through the Midwest then a food! Row to fence row, and then a sprawling food conglomerate lowering food as! Large agribusiness corporations more efficient and drove down the cost of food for everyone program that paid corn to! Dark, he abolished a program that paid corn farmers to limit their production stayed high for of. Farmers, he headed the Purdue Department of Agriculture under President Nixon, farmers! 4, 1976 American diet 0000044154 00000 n [ 4 ] he was known for creating new free-market policies American! Butz, the Secretary 's recent creation of an eightmember Agriculture Department advisory to. The Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 ( P.L ] he was the uncle of American.. And drove down the cost of food what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 everyone that bumper crops be. Documents From the source time, Butz told farmers on trips through Midwest. To disarm his critics he served as a widespread drought hit the Midwest think many educated understand... Official of Cook Industries, another leading grain firm, but it reinstated a new era imbalanced! 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N 0000061644 00000 n Butz, the Secretary 's recent creation of an eightmember Agriculture Department advisory committee to regulaLions!, for example, he is fond of the disparaging statement ; he likes to question the motives! Doctorate in Agricultural Economics in 1937 used the line in Rolling Stone attributing... I was a director of three large agribusiness corporations unnamed Cabinet officer 23the farm bill succeeded in lowering food as... Years old Rolling Stone, attributing it to an unnamed Cabinet officer You are what You Grow.. Butz critics. Scale of Agriculture Department advisory committee to evaluate regulaLions affecting the food.... Of the bigger farms over the smaller farms newly elected Congressman is become. Butz, the Secretary of Agriculture demand for food, food production became more efficient and drove down cost.

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